Archive for the ‘eschatology (end times)’ Category

Top Real Bible Questions: The Rapture!

Posted: May 14, 2012 in eschatology (end times), Theology, Top 10 "Real" Bible Questions, Topical Studies, Uncategorized
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It is slightly ironic that there is so much controversy surrounding the rapture considering that the word “rapture” never even appears in the Bible.  For me personally, the rapture held all sorts of interest and fear in my university days.  I wasn’t following Jesus or attending church at that time.  I knew that I was living a sinful life and that if Jesus did return, I was convinced that I would be “left behind”.  I can still remember vivid nightmares of being left behind, crawling around in black lava rock caves, fire and lava all around, trying desperately to find a place to hide and escape.  Yes, most of this was my subconscious mind working out all the guilt that I had for not following Jesus and living a wrong lifestyle, yet it revealed my fascination with the rapture.

Even though I wasn’t going to church and almost never read my Bible, there was one book that I actually did read:  Revelation.  Movies about the seven signs with Demi Moore didn’t help my eschatology, but they did fuel my paranoia.  Some weekends I would come home from university to spend the weekend at my parent’s house.  They are very committed Christians, and if I returned home and no one was there, I would panic.  I was certain that I had been left behind and had missed the rapture.  Maybe some of you can identify.

The concept of the rapture is based on the passage in 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18.  The Thessalonians are worried that Christians who have already died will miss the rapture.  This is mainly due to their Greek view that there is no resurrection from the dead (bodily that is).  Paul wants to comfort them by letting them know, “For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever.”  When the Bible was translated into Latin, the word chosen to translate “caught up” was the word we get the English word rapture from.  The Greek word harpazo has the implications of being “caught up, seized, or taken”.  The Latin word rapio which was chosen unfortunately is the same root word where we also get the English word “rape”.  Yikes!

From the King James to the New American Standard Bible, they all use “caught up”, so I guess we should call this the catching up debate (just not as snazzy as the rapture, huh?).  As you can see, the 1 Thessalonians passage doesn’t give enough detail to give much warning or specifics on when the rapture will happen.  It is simply the trumpet call and loud voice, and the next thing we know, we are all meeting Jesus in the air in our new bodies.  No wars mentioned, earthquakes, years of tribulation, anti-Christs, or anything!  Unfortunately, Revelation doesn’t mention this “catching up” as Paul describes, so some people try to find passages in Revelation that might fit.

The pre-tribulation rapture folks look at Revelation 4:1 where John is told to “Come up here” to heaven as being the rapture of the whole church.  Not much in the text to support this at all as only John is mentioned.  Mid-tribulation rapture people say that Revelation 11:12 where the two witnesses are resurrected and taken up to heaven is the rapture of the whole church.  This might fit the text if you read the 2 witnesses figuratively as the church, but most people who debate the rapture take the 2 witnesses as two literal, end times prophets.  Finally, post-tribulation supporters point to Revelation 19:14 and say that since the armies of heaven (Christians) are riding behind Jesus when He returns, we must meet Him in the air as He is coming down.  Again, since there is no detail given in any of these passages that really fit with 1 Thessalonians, we must draw implications and infer these conclusions.

Of course, all of this debate over when the rapture happens is only within the one view of the end times we talked about called premillennial dispensationalism.  Those who don’t hold to the literal, futurist view simply believe that the church is “caught up” when Jesus returns.  Since they don’t believe that there will be a literal 7 year tribulation before Jesus returns, there is no urgency to determine if the rapture will happen before, in the middle of, or after the suffering in that specific time frame.

Having fun yet?  Waiting for the part where it really hits home?  Recall Jesus’ words to His disciples in Mark 13:32-33, “ “But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. Be on guard, keep awake. For you do not know when the time will come.” Our main role as the church is to be watchful and be doing the Father’s business until Jesus returns.  We may not know when, but we are assured that it WILL happen, and those of us who are Christians are going for a ride on the Jesus express.  It is a one way ticket to heaven, and we are sitting in the first class seats of our new glorified bodies.  All aboard!

Real Bible Questions: the end times part 3 (Millennium continued)

Posted: May 11, 2012 in eschatology (end times), Theology, Top 10 "Real" Bible Questions, Topical Studies
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One of the advantages of being older and having worked in Biblical studies for a while is that you can see trends or fads in the interests of the church.  For example, spiritual warfare was the topic of the 90’s, with the charismatic movement close behind.  The excitement over events in Toronto and Brownsville fueled this, and so people in Bible schools wanted to know what the Bible said.  Right now, the topic of church and worship are popular due to the Emerging Church movement and the controversy that has been stirred up.  For sure, the end times debate saw its height in the 70’s and 80’s due to books like The Late Great Planet Earth, Left Behind, and the growing concern of nuclear war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.  So I wonder, who are we allowing to dictate what issues are “most important” in the church, and is it us as individual Christians that should be saying what is most important?

I know the issue over the millennium and even the end times in general isn’t overly “popular” right now, yet I feel some things must be discussed as key to Christianity.  The centrality of eschatology in the Bible should scream at us at its importance to our worldview and daily lives.  The book of Revelation alone would be sufficient to impact us with the relevance of the return of Christ.  Yet, for many, the fact that a host of arguments and weird movies have been made about the end times, is reason enough to stay away from Revelation and the whole topic.  What does it matter to my individual walk with God whether the 1,000 year reign is the church age or a physical kingdom set up when Jesus returns?  I hope by the end of this post, you will see the impact.

In his vision, John describes several things which will take place during this 1,000 year time period: 1) Satan will be bound in the pit and not allowed to deceive the nations; 2) there will be a first resurrection of those martyred and who have not received the mark of the Beast; 3) those who resurrected will reign with Christ and the second death has no power over them.

After the 1,000 years are over, the following occurs: 1) Satan is loosed and deceives the nations in order to gather an army and surround the “camp of the saints”; 2) God destroys Satan and his armies; 3) second resurrection; all dead rise;  4) final judgment and restoration; books are opened.

We asked the question about Satan being bound in the last post, because it is a key argument that people put forth to say that the 1,000 years can’t be the church age and figurative.  However, we must remember what Jesus says about Satan in Mark 3:27.  The crowds have just accused Jesus of casting out demons by the power of Satan.  Jesus replies that Satan wouldn’t cast “himself” out, but rather the strong man has been “bound” so that Jesus can raid the strong man’s house (cast out demons).  The Greek word used for “bound” here and in Revelation 20 is the EXACT same verb.  Jesus is saying that Satan was bound due to the power He brought at the time of His first coming.  We think of Satan bound in the pit as a statement of geography (the where question), but the symbolism here is speaking of power not place (the what question).  Satan’s power was defeated at the cross and the 2nd coming is just the clean up.  So, Satan being bound could be speaking of the church age or a time after the 2nd coming.

The other question we asked was about the multiple resurrections discussed in this passage.  Who is able to be included in this first resurrection?  In some translations, it would seem like it is just one group, the martyrs.  However, the Greek is unclear and it could be two groups, “those who have been beheaded for their testimony” AND “those who had not worshipped the Beast and had not received its mark”.  If it is two groups then, it could be speaking about all Christians.  Remember in Revelation, either you have the seal of God (chapter 7) or you have the mark of the Beast (chapter 13), and based on Ezekiel 9, it is likely that this isn’t speaking of a physical mark, but a spiritual one.  So, the first resurrection could be the spiritual resurrection of all believers in the church age, as the imagery of Ephesians 2:1-4 shows, “You were dead in your sins, but made alive together with Christ”.  That would explain how the 2nd death (lake of fire) has no power over this group, as they are declared righteous in Christ and go to New Jerusalem.  If it is a resurrection in a literal time after Jesus return, it leaves open the question of if people can still be saved in this time (unbelievers when Jesus returns), and if so, when they die, do they have to wait for the 2nd resurrection?

That would mean that the battle with Satan, Gog, and Magog would either be a literal battle fought after the 1,000 year reign of Jesus after the 2nd coming, or it is another picture of the final judgment that happens immediately when Jesus returns.  The differences between the battle here in Revelation and in Ezekiel 38-39 must be explained somehow.  In Ezekiel 38:2, Gog is a “chief prince” where in Revelation 20:8 it appears to be a place.  In Ezekiel 39:4, the “great supper of God” where birds eat the evil dead bodies happens at this battle, where in Revelation 19:17-18 it happens at the return of Jesus and His victory on the white horse.  In Ezekiel 39:9, there is a 7 year time period discussed AFTER the battle is over, where in Revelation 20 we go straight to final judgment and restoration.  Basically, we have some tough questions that we can’t avoid.

How does any of this affect your life now?  To that end, I ask a question:  are you waiting for Jesus to come in power when He returns?  That is a trick question, because the answer is yes and no.  Yes, He will come in power as we observe in Revelation 19.  No, because Jesus has ALREADY come in power when He came and died on the cross.  Many reject the figurative/church age option because they say they don’t see Satan bound and they don’t see Jesus reigning.  This is only seeing things from a physical, limited perspective.  When Jesus came the 1st time, there were only a few people who believed in the true God, most around this area of Israel.  Today, there are over 2 billion Christians, making up 1/3 of all mankind.  Today, there are Christians on every continent and even some of the places we call unreached have been reached at some point in the church age.

Revelation 5:9-10 says, “Worthy are you to take the scroll
and to open its seals,
for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God
from every tribe and language and people and nation,
10 and you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God,
and they shall reign on the earth”

The New Testament says that Jesus has ALREADY made us into a kingdom of priests, we aren’t waiting for that (1 Peter 2:9-10).  Colossians 2:13-15 says this about the cross and its power, “And you, who were dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross. He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him.” No matter your view on the millennium, you have to ask yourself, “Am I living this way?  do I see myself reigning with Christ?”

The end times: part 2 The Millennium

Posted: May 10, 2012 in eschatology (end times), Top 10 "Real" Bible Questions, Topical Studies, Uncategorized
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It is just 10 little verses, but the amount of discussion surrounding these 10 verses has gone on and on and on (and will keep going until Jesus returns!).  Revelation 20:1-10 is describing God’s ultimate and final victory over Satan.  As John wrote this vision down, he was probably so excited to share such encouraging news to the persecuted church.  Of course, we people have a way of mucking up God’s word.  Instead of the encouragement it was meant to be, it has turned into major theological views that divide the church today.  Classic, right?  I am speaking about the time period mentioned of 1,000 years, or as we Bible nerds like to call it, the Millennium.  Not as infamous as number in chapter 13 of Revelation (666), but has seen its own share of commentary.

We will see that the main views on this passage begin with our discussion from the last post on literal and figurative fulfillments.  However, throwing in an additional monkey wrench, one has to decide whether this passage is in chronological order from chapter 19, or part of the cyclical structure of Revelation.  One main view (premillennial dispensationalism) views this passage as being both chronological and literal.  Most scholars agree that Revelation 19 is the 2nd coming of Christ, so the literal view believes that after Jesus return, He will reign on Earth for 1,000 before final judgment and our journey to the New Jerusalem (heaven).  The second main view (called amillennialism)   is that the 1,000 year reign does not chronologically follow chapter 19, but instead follows the cyclical pattern in revelation and goes back to the church age.  The 1,000 years are meant to be taken figurative and is the same time period as the church age.

Umm, could these two views be more different?  Let us deal with the foundational issues.  First, is there a cyclical pattern within Revelation, or is it chronological?  In other words, do we see events happening in order leading up to the return of Jesus?  I am still quite shocked when I read a commentary on Revelation which doesn’t mention the cyclical structure of the book.  For example, how can one miss how many times the world seems to end? (Rev. 6:12-17, 11:15-19, 14:14-20, 16:1-21, 17:14, 19:17-21).  Especially telling is the repetition from 6:14, “The sky vanished like a scroll that is being rolled up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place.” and 16:20, “And every island fled away, and no mountains were to be found.”  If we are to take this chronologically, then God must destroy the world, then recreate it just so He can destroy it again.  I haven’t heard that interpretation even though people insist ALL of Revelation is in chronological order.

Second, are numbers used mostly figuratively (or symbolically) or literally in Revelation?  One can’t read Revelation without seeing the importance of numbers, especially the number 7 (7 churches, lampstands, stars, seals, trumpets, bowls, etc…)  Seven is the divine number, often meaning “fulfillment/completion).  12 or multiples of 12 are also found throughout the book (24, 144,000).  Of course, there are 7 literal churches John is writing to, but overall apocalyptic literature (which is the genre of Revelation) is characterized by it’s heavy usage of symbolic numbers.  Just because a number is used symbolically, doesn’t mean that it doesn’t have literal value.

None of our evidence so far necessitates one view or another, but it may help us decide what is more likely based on the context of the book.  In the next post, we will go through this passage verse by verse.  Until then, we need to face some facts.  No where else in the Bible does it mention this 1,000 year time period.  We won’t get any help from there.  Jewish tradition doesn’t have anything about a 1,000 year period in eschatology (they mention a 2,000 year one, does that count?).  Strike two.  Old Testament predictions don’t seem to indicate a time between Jesus return and final judgment (not that most of the Jews understood there would be thousands of years between the first and the second coming).   Looks like we will just have to use our powers of inductive study on Revelation alone.

Until then, ask yourself some questions:  what would be the purpose of a 1,000 year literal reign on Earth?  when Jesus comes back, do all people get resurrected bodies or just the ones alive?  who would rebel after 1,000 years?  if the 1,000 years are the church age, how can we say that Satan is bound and in the pit?  why does it seem that only the Christian martyrs get resurrected and get to reign with Jesus?  what ever happened to parachute pants?  how can we be that stupid to pay Starbucks $4 for a cup of coffee?  am I the only one on the planet who didn’t think the show Seinfeld was funny?

Top Real Bible Question #2: Are we in the end times?

Posted: May 9, 2012 in eschatology (end times), Top 10 "Real" Bible Questions, Topical Studies
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Even the Simpsons can’t avoid the temptation to make fun of Christians when it comes to the end times.  One of my favorite episodes is called “Left Below”, and it parodies the attempt to predict the return of Jesus Christ.  Of course, since it is the Simpsons, there are highly sacrilegious parts, but I feel we need to watch it so we understand how we are often perceived.  If we can’t take the humor, then it will be even more difficult to read about real life tradgedies that occur because of Christians’ views on the end times.  Cult suicides, the events in Waco, Texas, and all the Y2K hysteria should wake us up to the fact that we simply can’t avoid this topic in our Bible studies.

Where do we start with this enormous issue?  Oddly enough, we need to start with some Bible nerd territory:  dealing with fulfillments of predictive prophecy (doesn’t that sound exciting???).  The fact is that most of the Bible’s predictions have already been fulfilled in history.  Many were centered either on Israel in Old Testament times (judgment, return) or were about Jesus 1st coming and the church.  The few remaining predictions are the ones in question (Jesus 2nd coming, final judgment, etc…).  If we could nail down how we deal with these and choose fulfillments, it should guide us in our quest to understand the end times, and to know if we are in them or not.  Sounds easy, right?  Wrong!

There are two main ways that predictions are fulfilled: 1) literal- the prophecy is fulfilled in the exact, literal way that we would expect by reading the passage in a straight forward way.  For example, in Micah 5:2, God says that the Messiah will be born in Bethlehem.  Lo and behold, in Matthew 2:5-6, we are told that is exactly what happens.  Most people today assume that this is how all prophecies are fulfilled as it fits well with our Western, scientific minds.  The problem is that sometimes prophecies are fulfilled in another fashion:  2) figurative (sometimes called spiritual)- the prophecy is fulfilled in a way that we wouldn’t have expected because it is predicted in a figurative fashion.  For example, in Amos 9:11-12, God says that the booth of David (Jerusalem) will be restored, the walls repaired, and that they will possess the remnant of Edom.  We would think that this was fulfilled in the physical return of the Jews in 538 B.C.  However, James quotes this passage in Acts 15:16-17 and says it has a figurative fulfillment in the inclusion of the Gentiles in the church.  Wow!

How do we know when a prediction will have a literal fulfillment and when a prediction will have a figurative fulfillment?  Unless the New Testament quotes it and gives the fulfillment, we can’t be 100 % sure.  The Bible creates this situation, not Bible scholars.  Two quick things to remember: first, saying that it has a figurative fulfillment doesn’t mean that there isn’t something that literally happens.  It means you have to look below the figurative symbol or imagery used, to find the literal event underneath (like the Amos passage which predicted a literal event in Gentiles becoming part of God’s people).  Second, the sound, conservative rule of Biblical prophecy is to not use the concept of double or multiple fulfillments.  It may seem attractive to say a prediction has both literal and figurative fulfillments, but it is a slippery slope.  Once you have double fulfillments, why not three or four or fifteen?  The best guideline is to use the New Testament as the authority and example that there are only single fulfillments.

What does any of this have to do with the end times?  I am glad you asked (or actually I asked for you).  People who only think that the predictions still left to be fulfilled will be fulfilled literally are those we call futurists (also known as premillennial dispensationalists).  This is a predominant view in the evangelical church and is the theology behind the popular Left Behind book and movie series.  People who think that most of the predictions still left to be fulfilled will be fulfilled in a figurative way are known as either historicists or symbolic view (also known as amillenialists or idealists).  Amillenialism was the predominant view in most of church history, and is still the view in many mainstream denominations.  There are a multitude of end times views out there to be sure, but a key decision that determines where you will end up is this decision about literal or figurative fulfillments.  If you believe that all the end times events will happen literally, you place a big emphasis on the modern nation of Israel, events in the Middle East, and future war with the Anti-Christ.  If you believe that all end times events will happen figuratively, you generally believe that when Jesus returns, He will judge all evil doers, reward the righteous, and there are not as many world events that will happen that would tell us that we are definitely in the end times.

In the next few posts, we will look at some key passages like Revelation 20, discuss the main views and their implications, and try to come to a conclusion about what we can really know about the end times.  In the midst of this, we need to have the words of Revelation 22:20 firmly in our minds, “He who testifies to these things says, “Surely I am coming soon.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!”  Jesus’ return is a good thing!  It is something that we as Christians look forward to, and have no fear about.  Often the end times can turn into a thing of fear for believers, and that should never be.  If Satan can’t turn it into an argument, he is quite happy to turn it into something we fear and dread.  I say, Come Lord Jesus!